PRGDB00061548 (disease resistance protein)
| disease resistance protein | |
|---|---|
| Gene Type | Putative_R-Genes,_collected_from_NCBI_Protein |
| GenBank | 227438164 (FJ842791) |
| Gene Class | TNL |
| Domain Type | NBS, TIR, LRR, Others |
| Gene Species | Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis |
DNA Sequence
ATGGATTCTTCTTTTTTGCTCACCACTCTTGCTGCTGCAATAGGGCTCTTAACAGTTCTGAGAAAACTTAGATTCCATCAAGAAGATAACAGAGAAAAGGATCCTTCTTCTTCATCAACTTCATCTTCTTTGTCTCCTTCAACGGTTCATTTACCTTCTTCTTCTCACATCTGGACGCATGATGTCTTTCCTAGCTTCCGTGGGGAAGATGTACGCAGAGACTTCTTCAGTCACATTCAGAGGGAGTTTGAAAGAAAAGGAATCACTCCGTTCATAGATAATGAAATCAAAAGAGGAGAATCTATCGGTCCAGAGCTGATCAGGGCCATCAGAGGATCAAAGATTGCAATTATCTTGCTCTCTAGAAACTATGCCTCCTCAAAATGGTGTCTTGATGAACTGGTGGAGATTATGAAGTGCAGAGAAGAGTTTGGTCAGACTGTAATGGCTATTTTCCACAAAGTGGATCCTTCTGATGTGAAAAAGCTAACCGGAGATTTTGGGAAATTTTTTAAGAAAACTTGTGCTGGTAAAGCAAAGGATTGCATTGAGAGATGGAGACAAGCTTTAGCCAAAGTGGCTACCATCGCTGGCTATCATTCAAGCAACTGGGATAATGAAGCCGACATGATCAAGAAAATCGCCACTGATACTTCGAACATGCTGAATAATTTCACACCATCAAATGATTTCGATGGTTTAGTTGGGATGGGAGCTCATTGGGAAAATTTGAAATCAATCTTATGCCTAGGCTCAGATGAGGTGAGGATGATTGGGATTTGGGGTCCTCCTGGGATTGGGAAGACCACAATCGCTAGAGTCGCATTCAACCAACTCTCCAACAGTTTTCAACTGAGTGTCTTTATGGATGATCTCAAAGCAAACTCTTCAAGACTGTGTTCCGATGACTACAGCGTAAAGTTGCAATTACAGCAACAGTTTATGTCTCAAATAACCGATCATAAGGATATGGTTGTATCTCATTTCGGTGTTGTGTCAAATAGGTTGAGGGACAAGAAAGTTCTTGTTGTTCTTGATGGCGTGAACCGGTCAGTACAACTAGATGCGATGGCGAAAGAGACTTGGTGGTTTGGTCCCGGTAGTCGGATTATAATCACAACACAAGATCAGAAACTTTTTAGAGCACATGGGATCAACCATATTTACGAAGTGAATCTTCCAACAAATGATGAGGCTCTCCAAATATTTTGTACGTATTGTTTTGGTCAAAATTTCCCTAAATATGGTTTTGAGGAGCTTGCTCGAGAAGTTACAAGTCTTTCTGGTGAACTCCCATTGGGGCTAAGGGTTATGGGTTCCTACCTTCGGGGAATGTCCAAGGAAGACTGGACAAATTCACTACCAAGATTAAGAGATAGCCTTGACACTGATATTCAAAGCATTTTGAAATTCAGTTATGATGCCTTAGACGATGAAGATAAAGATTTGTTTCTTCATATAGCCTGCTTCTTTAGCTCTGAGCAGATTCACAAAATGGAAGAGCATCTTGCAAAGAGGTTCTTGTATGTGAGGCAAAGACTTAAAGTCTTAGCTGAGAAATCTCTCATATCTATTGACTCAGGACGTATAAGGATGCATAGTTTGCTAGAAAAACTAGGTAGAGAAATTGTTTGTAAACAATCTATTCATGAGCCTGGACAGCGTCAGTTTCTGTACGACAAAAGAGATATTTGTGAAGTACTGACTGGTGGTGCAACAGGTAGTAAAAGTGTCATAGGCATAAAGTTCGAATACTATAGAATCAGGGAAGAAATAGATATAAGTGAGAAAGCATTTGAAGGAATGTCAAATCTCCAATTCTTAAAAGTTTGTGGTTTTACCGATGCACTGCAAATAACTGGAGGTCTGAACTATCTGTCTCATAAACTTCGATTACTAGAGTGGAGACATTTTCCAATGACATGTTTACCTTGCACTGTAAACTTGGAGTTCCTTGTCGAACTAGTCATGCCTTACAGCAAGCTTGAGAAGTTGTGGGAAGGATGTAAACCGCTTCGGTGTCTAAAGTGGATGGATTTGGGTTATTCTGTAAACTTGAAGGAGCTTCCGGATCTCTCAACTGCCACTAACCTTGAGAAATTGTATCTTTATGATTGCTCGAGTCTAGTCAAACTCCCTTCTATGAGTGGAAATAGTCTGGAGAAACTAAATATCGGTGGATGCTCAAGTCTTGTGGAGTTTCCCTCCTTTATTGGGAATGCCGTTAATCTCCAAGAATTGGATCTTAGTAGTTTCCCAAATCTGTTGGAGCTCCCTTCTTATGTTGGGAATGCCACCAACTTGGAGTACTTGGATCTTCGTAATTGCTTAAATATGGTGGAACTTCCTCTCTCTCTTAGAAACCTTAAGAAGTTGAAAAGGCTGAGATTAAAAGGATGCAGTAAGCTAGAGGTTCTTCCCACCAACATCAACTTGGAATATTTGAATGAACTTGATATCGCTGGATGCTCAAGTCTTGATCTCGGGGATTTCTCCACTATCGGAAATGCCGTCAACCTCCGAGAATTGAATATCAGTAGTCTACCACAATTGTTGGAGGTCCCTTCCTTTATTGGGAATGCCACTAATCTAGAGAACTTGGTCCTTAGTAGTTGCTCAAAACTGGTGGAACTTCCTCTTTTCATTGGGAACCTTCAGAAGTTGCGGTGGCTGAGATTAGAAGGATGCATTAGGCTAGAGGTCCTTCCCACCAACATCAACTTGGAATCTTTGCTTGAACTTAATCTCAGTGATTGCTCCATGTTGAAAAGTTTTCCCCAGATCTCCACAAACCTTGAAAAGCTCAACCTCAGAGGAACTGCAATAGAACAAGTGCCTCCCTCGATCAGGTCATGGCCTCATCTTAAAGAGTTGCACATGTCATACTTTGAAAACCTCAAGGAATTCCCTCATGCTCTCGAAAGAATTACAAGCCTTTCCTTGACCGACACAGAGATACAAGAGGTTCCTCCATTGGTCAAGCAAATCTCTCGTCTGAATAGATTCTTCCTCAGTGGATGCCGAAAGTTGGTAAGACTCCCGCCGATTTCGGAGTCCACTCATTCTATATATGCAAATGACTGTGACTCCCTGGAGATACTAGAGTGTTCCTTTTCCGATCAAATCCGTAGGCTCACCTTCGCCAACTGCTTCAAACTGAATCAAGAGGCGAGAGACCTCATCATCCAGGCTAGTAGTGAACATGCAGTCTTACCAGGTGGACAAGTGCCTCCATACTTCACTCACCGAGCTACTGGNGGAGGTCCATTGACTATCAAATNGANTCAAANTCNTCTTCCAGAATCCATGACATTTAAAGCTTGCATCTTGCTGCTTAATAAAGGTGACCANGAAGCTTGCTCTAAAGAGAAATCAAGGAGAGTGGATGTTGTAAATAATAATATCATATTTGGATTATATCCGGCTTTAGCGGAGCATCTGTACACATTCCGTATCAACTTAGAAGTCACTTCCAGGAAGCTTCTCTTTGAGTTCAAGTTGATGAGCGATGATGACGATTGGAAGATAGGAGAATGCGGGATAGTCCAACAATAG
Protein sequences
| Name | Description | Sequence |
|---|---|---|
| disease resistance protein | disease resistance protein [Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis]. | MDSSFLLTTLAAAIGLLTVLRKLRFHQEDNREKDPSSSSTSSSLSPSTVHLPSSSHIWTHDVFPSFRGEDVRRDFFSHIQREFERKGITPFIDNEIKRGESIGPELIRAIRGSKIAIILLSRNYASSKWCLDELVEIMKCREEFGQTVMAIFHKVDPSDVKKLTGDFGKFFKKTCAGKAKDCIERWRQALAKVATIAGYHSSNWDNEADMIKKIATDTSNMLNNFTPSNDFDGLVGMGAHWENLKSILCLGSDEVRMIGIWGPPGIGKTTIARVAFNQLSNSFQLSVFMDDLKANSSRLCSDDYSVKLQLQQQFMSQITDHKDMVVSHFGVVSNRLRDKKVLVVLDGVNRSVQLDAMAKETWWFGPGSRIIITTQDQKLFRAHGINHIYEVNLPTNDEALQIFCTYCFGQNFPKYGFEELAREVTSLSGELPLGLRVMGSYLRGMSKEDWTNSLPRLRDSLDTDIQSILKFSYDALDDEDKDLFLHIACFFSSEQIHKMEEHLAKRFLYVRQRLKVLAEKSLISIDSGRIRMHSLLEKLGREIVCKQSIHEPGQRQFLYDKRDICEVLTGGATGSKSVIGIKFEYYRIREEIDISEKAFEGMSNLQFLKVCGFTDALQITGGLNYLSHKLRLLEWRHFPMTCLPCTVNLEFLVELVMPYSKLEKLWEGCKPLRCLKWMDLGYSVNLKELPDLSTATNLEKLYLYDCSSLVKLPSMSGNSLEKLNIGGCSSLVEFPSFIGNAVNLQELDLSSFPNLLELPSYVGNATNLEYLDLRNCLNMVELPLSLRNLKKLKRLRLKGCSKLEVLPTNINLEYLNELDIAGCSSLDLGDFSTIGNAVNLRELNISSLPQLLEVPSFIGNATNLENLVLSSCSKLVELPLFIGNLQKLRWLRLEGCIRLEVLPTNINLESLLELNLSDCSMLKSFPQISTNLEKLNLRGTAIEQVPPSIRSWPHLKELHMSYFENLKEFPHALERITSLSLTDTEIQEVPPLVKQISRLNRFFLSGCRKLVRLPPISESTHSIYANDCDSLEILECSFSDQIRRLTFANCFKLNQEARDLIIQASSEHAVLPGGQVPPYFTHRATGGGPLTIKXXQXXLPESMTFKACILLLNKGDXEACSKEKSRRVDVVNNNIIFGLYPALAEHLYTFRINLEVTSRKLLFEFKLMSDDDDWKIGECGIVQQ |
Domains
| Domain | Start-End | Description | Sequence
|
|---|---|---|---|
| superfamily: SSF52200 IPR000157
|
48-199 | TIR Toll-Interleukin receptor
|
TVHLPSSSHIWTHDVFPSFRGEDVRRDFFSHIQREFERKGITPFIDNEIKRGESIGPELIRAIRGSKIAIILLSRNYASSKWCLDELVEIMKCREEFGQTVMAIFHKVDPSDVKKLTGDFGKFFKKTCAGKAKDCIERWRQALAKVATIAGY |
| ProfileScan: PS50104 IPR000157
|
58-196 | TIR Toll-Interleukin receptor
|
WTHDVFPSFRGEDVRRDFFSHIQREFERKGITPFIDNEIKRGESIGPELIRAIRGSKIAIILLSRNYASSKWCLDELVEIMKCREEFGQTVMAIFHKVDPSDVKKLTGDFGKFFKKTCAGKAKDCIERWRQALAKVATI |
| Gene3D: G3DSA:3.40.50.10140 | 58-194 | G3DSA:3.40.50.10140 | WTHDVFPSFRGEDVRRDFFSHIQREFERKGITPFIDNEIKRGESIGPELIRAIRGSKIAIILLSRNYASSKWCLDELVEIMKCREEFGQTVMAIFHKVDPSDVKKLTGDFGKFFKKTCAGKAKDCIERWRQALAKVA |
| HMMSmart: SM00255 IPR000157
|
59-196 | TIR Toll-Interleukin receptor
|
THDVFPSFRGEDVRRDFFSHIQREFERKGITPFIDNEIKRGESIGPELIRAIRGSKIAIILLSRNYASSKWCLDELVEIMKCREEFGQTVMAIFHKVDPSDVKKLTGDFGKFFKKTCAGKAKDCIERWRQALAKVATI |
| HMMPfam: PF01582 IPR000157
|
62-191 | TIR Toll-Interleukin receptor
|
VFPSFRGEDVRRDFFSHIQREFERKGITPFIDNEIKRGESIGPELIRAIRGSKIAIILLSRNYASSKWCLDELVEIMKCREEFGQTVMAIFHKVDPSDVKKLTGDFGKFFKKTCAGKAKDCIERWRQALA |
| HMMPanther: PTHR11017:SF20 | 83-1086 | PTHR11017:SF20,SUBFAMILY NOT NAMED | FERKGITPFIDNEIKRGESIGPELIRAIRGSKIAIILLSRNYASSKWCLDELVEIMKCREEFGQTVMAIFHKVDPSDVKKLTGDFGKFFKKTCAGKAKDCIERWRQALAKVATIAGYHSSNWDNEADMIKKIATDTSNMLNNFTPSNDFDGLVGMGAHWENLKSILCLGSDEVRMIGIWGPPGIGKTTIARVAFNQLSNSFQLSVFMDDLKANSSRLCSDDYSVKLQLQQQFMSQITDHKDMVVSHFGVVSNRLRDKKVLVVLDGVNRSVQLDAMAKETWWFGPGSRIIITTQDQKLFRAHGINHIYEVNLPTNDEALQIFCTYCFGQNFPKYGFEELAREVTSLSGELPLGLRVMGSYLRGMSKEDWTNSLPRLRDSLDTDIQSILKFSYDALDDEDKDLFLHIACFFSSEQIHKMEEHLAKRFLYVRQRLKVLAEKSLISIDSGRIRMHSLLEKLGREIVCKQSIHEPGQRQFLYDKRDICEVLTGGATGSKSVIGIKFEYYRIREEIDISEKAFEGMSNLQFLKVCGFTDALQITGGLNYLSHKLRLLEWRHFPMTCLPCTVNLEFLVELVMPYSKLEKLWEGCKPLRCLKWMDLGYSVNLKELPDLSTATNLEKLYLYDCSSLVKLPSMSGNSLEKLNIGGCSSLVEFPSFIGNAVNLQELDLSSFPNLLELPSYVGNATNLEYLDLRNCLNMVELPLSLRNLKKLKRLRLKGCSKLEVLPTNINLEYLNELDIAGCSSLDLGDFSTIGNAVNLRELNISSLPQLLEVPSFIGNATNLENLVLSSCSKLVELPLFIGNLQKLRWLRLEGCIRLEVLPTNINLESLLELNLSDCSMLKSFPQISTNLEKLNLRGTAIEQVPPSIRSWPHLKELHMSYFENLKEFPHALERITSLSLTDTEIQEVPPLVKQISRLNRFFLSGCRKLVRLPPISESTHSIYANDCDSLEILECSFSDQIRRLTFANCFKLNQEARDLIIQASSEHAVLPGGQVPPYFTHRATG |
| HMMPanther: PTHR11017 | 83-1086 | PTHR11017,LEUCINE-RICH REPEAT-CONTAINING PROTEIN | FERKGITPFIDNEIKRGESIGPELIRAIRGSKIAIILLSRNYASSKWCLDELVEIMKCREEFGQTVMAIFHKVDPSDVKKLTGDFGKFFKKTCAGKAKDCIERWRQALAKVATIAGYHSSNWDNEADMIKKIATDTSNMLNNFTPSNDFDGLVGMGAHWENLKSILCLGSDEVRMIGIWGPPGIGKTTIARVAFNQLSNSFQLSVFMDDLKANSSRLCSDDYSVKLQLQQQFMSQITDHKDMVVSHFGVVSNRLRDKKVLVVLDGVNRSVQLDAMAKETWWFGPGSRIIITTQDQKLFRAHGINHIYEVNLPTNDEALQIFCTYCFGQNFPKYGFEELAREVTSLSGELPLGLRVMGSYLRGMSKEDWTNSLPRLRDSLDTDIQSILKFSYDALDDEDKDLFLHIACFFSSEQIHKMEEHLAKRFLYVRQRLKVLAEKSLISIDSGRIRMHSLLEKLGREIVCKQSIHEPGQRQFLYDKRDICEVLTGGATGSKSVIGIKFEYYRIREEIDISEKAFEGMSNLQFLKVCGFTDALQITGGLNYLSHKLRLLEWRHFPMTCLPCTVNLEFLVELVMPYSKLEKLWEGCKPLRCLKWMDLGYSVNLKELPDLSTATNLEKLYLYDCSSLVKLPSMSGNSLEKLNIGGCSSLVEFPSFIGNAVNLQELDLSSFPNLLELPSYVGNATNLEYLDLRNCLNMVELPLSLRNLKKLKRLRLKGCSKLEVLPTNINLEYLNELDIAGCSSLDLGDFSTIGNAVNLRELNISSLPQLLEVPSFIGNATNLENLVLSSCSKLVELPLFIGNLQKLRWLRLEGCIRLEVLPTNINLESLLELNLSDCSMLKSFPQISTNLEKLNLRGTAIEQVPPSIRSWPHLKELHMSYFENLKEFPHALERITSLSLTDTEIQEVPPLVKQISRLNRFFLSGCRKLVRLPPISESTHSIYANDCDSLEILECSFSDQIRRLTFANCFKLNQEARDLIIQASSEHAVLPGGQVPPYFTHRATG |
| superfamily: SSF52540 | 113-485 | SSF52540 | SKIAIILLSRNYASSKWCLDELVEIMKCREEFGQTVMAIFHKVDPSDVKKLTGDFGKFFKKTCAGKAKDCIERWRQALAKVATIAGYHSSNWDNEADMIKKIATDTSNMLNNFTPSNDFDGLVGMGAHWENLKSILCLGSDEVRMIGIWGPPGIGKTTIARVAFNQLSNSFQLSVFMDDLKANSSRLCSDDYSVKLQLQQQFMSQITDHKDMVVSHFGVVSNRLRDKKVLVVLDGVNRSVQLDAMAKETWWFGPGSRIIITTQDQKLFRAHGINHIYEVNLPTNDEALQIFCTYCFGQNFPKYGFEELAREVTSLSGELPLGLRVMGSYLRGMSKEDWTNSLPRLRDSLDTDIQSILKFSYDALDDEDKDLFL |
| Gene3D: G3DSA:3.40.50.300 | 224-268 | G3DSA:3.40.50.300 | NFTPSNDFDGLVGMGAHWENLKSILCLGSDEVRMIGIWGPPGIGK |
| HMMPfam: PF00931 IPR002182
|
240-499 | NB-ARC,NBS NB-ARC
|
HWENLKSILCLGSDEVRMIGIWGPPGIGKTTIARVAFNQLSNSFQLSVFMDDLKANSSRLCSDDYSVKLQLQQQFMSQITDHKDMVVSHFGVVSNRLRDKKVLVVLDGVNRSVQLDAMAKETWWFGPGSRIIITTQDQKLFRAHGINHIYEVNLPTNDEALQIFCTYCFGQNFPKYGFEELAREVTSLSGELPLGLRVMGSYLRGMSKEDWTNSLPRLRDSLDTDIQSILKFSYDALDDEDKDLFLHIACFFSSEQIHKM |
| HMMSmart: SM00382 IPR003593
|
254-394 | AAA,NBS ATPase, AAA+ type, core
|
EVRMIGIWGPPGIGKTTIARVAFNQLSNSFQLSVFMDDLKANSSRLCSDDYSVKLQLQQQFMSQITDHKDMVVSHFGVVSNRLRDKKVLVVLDGVNRSVQLDAMAKETWWFGPGSRIIITTQDQKLFRAHGINHIYEVNLP |
| FPrintScan: PR00364 IPR000767
|
257-272 | DISEASERSIST Disease resistance protein
|
MIGIWGPPGIGKTTIA |
| Gene3D: G3DSA:3.40.50.300 | 269-297 | G3DSA:3.40.50.300 | TTIARVAFNQLSNSFQLSVFMDDLKANSS |
| Gene3D: G3DSA:3.40.50.300 | 330-407 | G3DSA:3.40.50.300 | GVVSNRLRDKKVLVVLDGVNRSVQLDAMAKETWWFGPGSRIIITTQDQKLFRAHGINHIYEVNLPTNDEALQIFCTYC |
| FPrintScan: PR00364 IPR000767
|
335-349 | DISEASERSIST Disease resistance protein
|
RLRDKKVLVVLDGVN |
| FPrintScan: PR00364 IPR000767
|
428-442 | DISEASERSIST Disease resistance protein
|
SGELPLGLRVMGSYL |
| superfamily: SSF52058 | 543-830 | SSF52058,LRR | IVCKQSIHEPGQRQFLYDKRDICEVLTGGATGSKSVIGIKFEYYRIREEIDISEKAFEGMSNLQFLKVCGFTDALQITGGLNYLSHKLRLLEWRHFPMTCLPCTVNLEFLVELVMPYSKLEKLWEGCKPLRCLKWMDLGYSVNLKELPDLSTATNLEKLYLYDCSSLVKLPSMSGNSLEKLNIGGCSSLVEFPSFIGNAVNLQELDLSSFPNLLELPSYVGNATNLEYLDLRNCLNMVELPLSLRNLKKLKRLRLKGCSKLEVLPTNINLEYLNELDIAGCSSLDLGD |
| Gene3D: G3DSA:3.80.10.10 | 594-840 | G3DSA:3.80.10.10 | ISEKAFEGMSNLQFLKVCGFTDALQITGGLNYLSHKLRLLEWRHFPMTCLPCTVNLEFLVELVMPYSKLEKLWEGCKPLRCLKWMDLGYSVNLKELPDLSTATNLEKLYLYDCSSLVKLPSMSGNSLEKLNIGGCSSLVEFPSFIGNAVNLQELDLSSFPNLLELPSYVGNATNLEYLDLRNCLNMVELPLSLRNLKKLKRLRLKGCSKLEVLPTNINLEYLNELDIAGCSSLDLGDFSTIGNAVNL |
| HMMPfam: PF07725 IPR011713
|
651-670 | LRR_3 Leucine-rich repeat 3
|
FLVELVMPYSKLEKLWEGCK |
| HMMPfam: PF13504 | 696-713 | LRR_7,Leucine rich repeat | TNLEKLYLYDCSSLVKLP |
| HMMPfam: PF00560 IPR001611
|
767-789 | LRR_1 Leucine-rich repeat
|
NLEYLDLRNCLNMVELPLSLRNL |
| FPrintScan: PR00364 IPR000767
|
787-803 | DISEASERSIST Disease resistance protein
|
RNLKKLKRLRLKGCSKL |
| superfamily: SSF52047 | 804-1043 | SSF52047,LRR | EVLPTNINLEYLNELDIAGCSSLDLGDFSTIGNAVNLRELNISSLPQLLEVPSFIGNATNLENLVLSSCSKLVELPLFIGNLQKLRWLRLEGCIRLEVLPTNINLESLLELNLSDCSMLKSFPQISTNLEKLNLRGTAIEQVPPSIRSWPHLKELHMSYFENLKEFPHALERITSLSLTDTEIQEVPPLVKQISRLNRFFLSGCRKLVRLPPISESTHSIYANDCDSLEILECSFSDQIR |
| Gene3D: G3DSA:3.80.10.10 | 841-1037 | G3DSA:3.80.10.10 | RELNISSLPQLLEVPSFIGNATNLENLVLSSCSKLVELPLFIGNLQKLRWLRLEGCIRLEVLPTNINLESLLELNLSDCSMLKSFPQISTNLEKLNLRGTAIEQVPPSIRSWPHLKELHMSYFENLKEFPHALERITSLSLTDTEIQEVPPLVKQISRLNRFFLSGCRKLVRLPPISESTHSIYANDCDSLEILECS |
| HMMPfam: PF13504 | 862-879 | LRR_7,Leucine rich repeat | TNLENLVLSSCSKLVELP |
| HMMPfam: PF12799 | 930-961 | LRR_4,Leucine Rich repeats (2 copies) | TNLEKLNLRGTAIEQVPPSIRSWPHLKELHMS |
List of References
Jeong-Hwan Mun, Hee-Ju Yu, Soomin Park, Beom-Seok Park
Genome-wide identification of NBS-encoding resistance genes in Brassica rapa.
Mol. Genet. Genomics: 2009, 282(6);617-31
PubMed:19838736
WorldCat.org
DOI
(I p)
List of Contributions
There has not been any contribution yet.
